Everything about Etruria totally explained
Etruria — usually referred to in Greek and Latin source texts as
Tyrrhenia — was a region of
Central Italy,
located in
an area that covered part of what now are
Tuscany,
Latium,
Emilia-Romagna and
Umbria. A particularly noteworthy work dealing with Etruscan locations is
D. H. Lawrence's
Sketches of Etruscan Places and other Italian essays.
The ancient people of Etruria are labelled
Etruscans and their complex culture was centered on numerous city-states that rose during the
Villanovan period in the ninth century BC and were very powerful during the
Orientalizing and
Archaic periods. The Etruscans were a dominant culture in Italy by
650 BC, surpassing other ancient Italic peoples such as the
Ligurians, and their influence may be seen beyond Etruria's confines in the
Po River Valley and
Latium, as well as in
Campania and through their contact with the
Greek colonies in
Southern Italy (including Sicily). Indeed, at some Etruscan tombs, such at those of the
Tumulus di Montefortini at Comeana (see
Carmignano) in
Tuscany, physical evidence of trade has been found in the form of grave goods — fine
faience ware cups are particularly notable examples. Such trade occurred either directly with
Egypt, or through intermediaries such as Greek or Etruscan sailors.
Rome was influenced strongly by the Etruscans, with a series of Etruscan kings ruling at
Rome until
509 BC when the last Etruscan king
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was removed from power and the
Roman Republic was established. The Etruscans are credited with influencing Rome's architecture and ritual practice; it was under the Etruscan kings that important structures such as the
Capitolium,
Cloaca Maxima and
Via Sacra were realized.
The
Etruscan civilization was responsible for much of the
Greek culture imported into early Republican Rome, including the
twelve Olympian gods, the growing of
olives and
grapes, the
Latin alphabet (adapted from the
Greek alphabet), and
architecture like the
arch,
sewerage and
drainage systems.
The classical name
Etruria was revived in the early 19th century, applied to the
Kingdom of Etruria, an ephemeral creation of
Napoleon I of France in
Tuscany which existed from
1801 to
1807.
Cities
» See also: "Etruscan cities."Further Information
Get more info on 'Etruria'.
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